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Saihō-ji (Kyoto)
is a Rinzai Zen Buddhist temple located in Matsuo, Nishikyō Ward, Kyoto, Japan. The temple, which is famed for its moss garden, is commonly referred to as , meaning "moss temple", while the formal name is . The temple, primarily constructed to honor Amitabha, was first founded by Gyōki and was later restored by Musō Soseki. In 1994, Saihō-ji was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as part of the "Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto".
==History==
According to temple legend, Saihō-ji was constructed during the Nara Period by Gyōki, on the location of one of Prince Shōtoku's former retreats.〔 The temple first operated as a Hossō temple dedicated to Amitabha, and was known as , a homophone of the current name. The name was selected because Amitabha is the primary buddha of Western Paradise, known in Japanese as . Legend states that such famous Japanese monks as Kūkai and Hōnen later served as the chief priests of the temple.〔 Although the veracity of these legends is questionable, it is believed that such a predecessor to the current temple did, in fact, exist.
Over time, the temple fell into disrepair, and in 1339, the chief priest of the nearby Matsunoo Shrine, Fujiwara Chikahide, summoned the famous Japanese gardener Musō Soseki to help him revive Saihō-ji as a Zen temple.〔 At this time, Musō decided to change the temple's name, to reflect its new Zen orientation. The temple became , the name being selected not only because it was a homophone of the original name, but also because the kanji were used in phrases related to Bodhidharma: and . Saihō-ji was destroyed by fire during the Ōnin War,〔 and twice ravaged by floods during the Edo Period, but has since been rebuilt.
Ironically, the moss for which the temple is known was not part of Musō's original design. According to French historian François Berthier, the garden's "islands" were "carpeted with white sand" in the fourteenth century. The moss came much later, of its own accord during the Meiji era (1860-1912), when the monastery lacked sufficient funds for upkeep.〔François Berthier, ''Reading Zen in the Rocks,'' p.25, The University of Chicago Press, 2000〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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